[TUGAS MANAJEMEN LAYANAN SISTEM INFORMASI] THE PROCESSES AND FUNCTION & THE DEMING CYLCE

THE PROCESSES AND FUNCTION

Proses dan fungsi ITIL secara keseluruhan terdapat 26 proses dan 4 fungsi yang saling berhubungan yang membentuk suatu lifecycle. Setiap proses dan fungsi dalam lifecycle apabila diimplementasikan secara keseluruhan secara konsisten dapat memberikan manfaat terhadap bisnis dalam bidang IT, tetapi juga dapat memberikan nilai tambah bagi organisasi yang bersangkutan.

Layanan IT pada ITIL dimulai dengan tahapan SERVICE STRATEGY, yang terdiri dari proses-proses untuk mrencanakan serta menentukan layanan TU yang dibangun dan dikelola. Layanan yang akan dibangun atau dikelola akan masuk ke dalam service fortofolio. Lalu akan dihitung aspek finansialnya, sebelum akhirnya masuk ke tahap design.

Tahapan berikutnya adalah masuk ke dalam proses desain dimana desain yang dihasilkan harus mempertimbangkan aspek-aspek warranty, yaitu security, availability, capacity, continuity. Selanjutnya adalah peng-update-an menu uang mengindikasikan bahwa IT siap untuk meluncurkan layanan baru. Kemudian layanan baru inimasuk ke tahap production dari tahap pengembangan.

Layanan-layanan yang telah beroperasi akan masuk dan dikelola oleh proses-proses yang berada dalam SERVICE OPERATION. Tujuan nya adalah untuk memastikan bahwa layanan yang diberikan sesuai dengn service level agreement.

THE DEMING CYCLE

W. Edwards Deming pada tahun 1950 mengusulkan bahwa proses bisnis harus dianalisis dan diukur untuk mengidentifikasi sumber variasi yang menyebabkan produk menyimpang dari persyaratan pelanggan. Deming menciptakan diagram yang agak disederhanakan untuk menggambarkan proses yang berkesinambungan yang biasanya lebih dikenal dengan siklus PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act).

Ket :

·         PLAN, merupakan desain atau merevisi komponen proses bisnis untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan

·         DO, merupakan suatu bentuk pelaksanaan rencana dan menguku kinerja dari apa yang telah direncanakan

·         CHECK, menilai pengukuran dan melaporkan hasilnya untuk dijadikan acuan dalam upaya pengambilan keputusan.

·         ACT, menentukan perubahan yang diperlukan untuk meningkatkan hasil yang diinginkan

PDCA yang diciptakan oleh deming ditempatkan dalam sebuah loop umpan balik sehingga manajer dapat terus menerus mengdentifikasi dan mengubah bagian-bagian dari proses yang membutuhkan perbaikan. Dimana deming berfokus pada produksi industri dan tingkat perbaikan yang dicari berada ditingkat produksi.

Sumber Referensi :
http://mutugab2011.blogspot.co.id/2011/09/siklus-deming-plan-do-check-act.html?m=1http://itilindo.com/2013/07/09/03-proses-dan-fungsi-itik-versi-3-2011/

[TUGAS MANAJEMEN LAYANAN SISTEM INFORMASI] SERVICE LIFECYCLE

THE SERVICE LIFECYCLE

TIPE PENYEDIA LAYANAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (IT SERVICE PROVIDER TYPES)

Hal ini penting untuk mengenali bahwa ada berbagai jenis penyedia layanan teknologi informasi, dan meskipun semua memiliki hal-hal kesamaan dalam layanan manajemen, ada aspek-aspek yang unik, misalnya mereka mengenai hubungan komersial dengan pelanggan dan bisnis yang disajikan oleh penyedia.

Dalam prakteknya, ada variasi besar dalam jenis penyedia layanan teknologi informasi. Berbagai penyedia ditandai oleh hubungan mereka dengan pelanggan dan posisi mereka dalam hubungannya dengan bisnis atau bisnis layanan mereka. Hal ini berguna untuk menyederhanakan kompleksitas dan mengidentifikasi sejumlah kecil  yang mewakili berbagai jenis penyedia lebih luas di pasaran. Penyederhanaan ini mengarah ke tiga jenis:

*       Tipe I-Internal Service Provider :

  ini adalah unit teknologi informasi rumah biasanya diposisikan dalam unit bisnis yang mereka layani, meskipun umumnya ini lebih kecil dari skala unit teknologi informasi untuk dikonsolidasikan ke Departemen teknologi informasi perusahaan yang harus menyeimbangkan kepentingan, tuntutan dan prioritas perusahaan organisasi terhadap unit bisnis individu.

Manfaat dari Internal Service Provider :

·Memiliki tipe I penyedia layanan adalah seperti memiliki dedikasi VIP+ dukungan tingkat, tapi untuk seluruh bisnis unit.

· Tipe I penyedia layanan personil sangat akrab dengan proses bisnis, organisasi internal dan struktur dan kebutuhan bisnis BU.

·  Layanan yang disediakan oleh jenis saya penyedia layanan custom disesuaikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan spesifik Bisnis, dan karena itu sempurna sesuai kebutuhan bisnis. Ada tidak perlu untuk menyesuaikan proses bisnis untuk cocok mendeskripsi  lebih generik mendukung layanan.

·BU manajer memiliki setiap aspek bisnis internal dependensi di bawah kendali mereka langsung.

·Biaya jenis saya penyedia layanan jelas terlihat, dan di bawah kontrol langsung manajemen BU.

Kelemahan dari Internal Service Provider :

  Inibagusuntuk memiliki didedikasikan personil untuk mengelola layanan pendukung langsung di bawah kendali Anda, disesuaikan sesuai kebutuhan Anda, dan beroperasi di bawah anggaran Anda, ketika setiap kepala unit bisnis lain melakukan hal yang sama, perusahaan mulai menyadari besar redundansi hadir di seluruh lanskap seluruh perusahaan.

   

*    Tipe II-Shared Sevice Unit:

ini adalah di mana berbagai fungsi, dianggap sebagai non-inti bisnis, dikelompokkan bersama menjadi unit layanan bersama perusahaan. Fungsi-fungsi yang terlibat biasanya teknologi informasi, keuangan dan SDM, kadang-kadang dengan manajemen hukum layanan, logistik dan fasilitas.

Manfaat dari Shared Services Unit :

Bila dibandingkan dengan jenis saya penyedia, keuntungan utama sudah disebut; mengkonsolidasikantipe Ipenyedia ke satu organisasi menghilangkan duplikasi, danbiaya operasi dikurangi dengan memberikan pelayanan umum, generik yang cocok sebagian besar kebutuhan bisnis di seluruh organisasi.

Selain itu, Semua biaya yang didistribusikan di seluruh perusahaan, biasanya secara proporsional untuk konsumsi, untuk BU hanya sebagian kecil dari biaya menjalankan internal tipe I layanan penyedia.

Kelemahan Shared Services Unit :

Sementara penyedia layanan tipe II menawarkan banyak manfaat, dalam banyak kasus, mereka tidak bisa benar-benar memenuhi peran mereka. Salah satu kelemahan utama dari penyedia tipe II (terutama terlihat dalam teknologi informasi) adalah kenyataan bahwa mereka sering berakhir "beku dalam waktu."

*      Tipe III-External Service Provider :

ini adalah entitas komersial yang terpisah dari bisnis layanan, dan beroperasi sebagai bisnis yang kompetitif di pasar.

Manfaat External Service Provider :

Jika persaingan menggunakan penyedia layanan eksternal, menggunakan model yang sama mengurangi keuntungan mereka mungkin mendapatkan dengan melakukan hal itu, tapi keuntungan utama akan kepemilikan aset dan risiko, yang kini di tangan penyedia layanan.

Sebagai contoh, jika perusahaan Anda memutuskan untuk melakukanoutsourcing layanan desktop yang dikelola yang sering merupakan bagian yang paling mahal layanan tersebut, Anda tidak lagi memiliki sejumlah besar nilai moneter yang terkunci ke dalam peralatan dan perangkat lunak yang harus dikelola dan dikembangkan, dan kehilangan nilai dari waktu ke waktu.

Kelemahan External Service Provider :

1.  Semuanya SSU harus membeli untuk menyediakan layanan harus dibeli oleh penyedia layanan eksternal juga. Namun, dengan menghabiskan sejumlah besar uang sekaligus peralatan diperlukan, penyedia layanan eksternal harus memperlakukan yangmembeli sebagai pinjaman, karena uang tidak akan kembali dalam jumlah yang wajar waktu. Setiap pinjaman membawa risiko, dan risiko memiliki dampak pada keseluruhan Layanan harga.

2. Di atas biaya peralatan, penyedia layanan eksternal juga memiliki personil yang akan mempertahankan, mengelola dan mengoperasikan peralatan itu. Secara umum, penyedia layanan karyawan memiliki gaji yang lebih baik daripada rekan-rekan mereka yang bekerja di non-perusahaan IT.

3. Seperti dalam perusahaan lain, penyedia layanan eksternal memiliki HR, pemasaran, pembelian, keuangan, penjualan, manajemen dan departemen lain pendukung, yang semuanya berkontribusi umum overhead, dan memiliki dampak signifikan padaharga layanan.

4. Kami telah disebutkan sebelum bagaimana risiko dalam penyampaian layanan akan ditransfer ke penyedia layanan eksternal. Yah, risiko tersebut belum dapat menghilang; mereka ditransferdari organisasi Anda ke penyedia eksternal. Dan semua risikobiaya uang, yang lagi berkontribusi harga layanan.

5. Penyedia jasa external adalah bisnis, yang berarti mereka harus menjadi menguntungkan agar tetap dalam bisnis. Keuntungan berasal dari pengisian Anda untuk layanan yang disediakan – biaya sedikit lebih mendasar.

Sumber Referensi : http://dia_ragasari.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/Downloads/files/47170/Buku+-+ITServiceManagement.pdf

[TUGAS MANAJEMEN LAYANAN SISTEM INFORMASI] IT SERVICE MANAGEMENT

IT Service Management

     IT Service Management (ITSM) adalah suatu metode pengelolaan aktivitas teknologi informasi yang fokus memberikan layanan prima kepada para pengguna/pelanggannya. Tujuan utama ITSM adalah menyelaraskan layanan IT dengan kebutuhan pengguna, memperbaiki kualitas layanan TI, dan mengefektifkan penggunaan biaya untuk pengelolaan TI.“Penerapan ITSM dapat membantu organisasi untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya”

Siapa yang berkepentingan terhadap layanan TI berkualitas tinggi?

     Hampir semua pihak berkepentingan terhadap tersedianya layanan TI berkualitas tinggi, mulai dari user individual, user manajemen unit non TI sampai dengan manajemen puncak. Sebuah institusi / organisasi dalam menjalankan Teknologi Sistem Informasi (System IT) terdapat tiga pilar utama (triangle pilars) keberhasilan penerapan TI, yaitu :

·       People, mencakup pelanggan, pengguna, pengelola TI, pengelola management.

·       Process, mencakup metodologi, petunjuk pelaksana dalam hal ini adalah ITSM.

·       Technology (Product), mencakup tools, teknologi dan produk TI.

Standar elemen untuk definisi ITSM secara umum meliputi:

·       Penjelasan tentang proses yang diperlukan untuk memberikan dan dukungan IT Services untuk pelanggan.

·       Tujuan utama adalah untuk menyampaikan dan mendukung teknologi atau produk yang dibutuhkan oleh key business untuk memenuhi tujuan-tujuan organisasi

·       Memberikan peran dan tanggung jawab bagi orang yang terlibat termasuk staf TI, pelanggan dan stakeholder lainnya yang terlibat

·       Pengelolaan pihak eksternal yang terlibat dalam peran dan dukungan teknologi atau produk yang ada.

     ITSM menyarankan agar layanan TI pada sebuah institusi/organisasi dilakukan secara terpadu (atau ‘satu pintu’) yaitu melalui unit organisasi TI nya, agar kepastian dan akuntabilitas nya dapat terjaga serta memudahkan pengelolaannya. ITSM tidak menyarankan unit organisasi bisnis mendapatkan layanan langsung dari pihak lainnya selain unit organisasi TI yang ada.

1. Service Support

     Service support membahas tentang proses dan komponen dalam operasional IT sehari-hari, seperti Incident Management, Problem Management, Change Management, Configuration Management dan Release Management. Pada dasarnya service support menjelaskan proses support dari IT dan bagaimana cara menangani suatu incident sebelum akhirnya masuk ke dalam problem management. komponen dari proses pada IT service management mempunyai peran masing-masing yaitu:

§ Service desk sebagai single point of contact

§ Release Management dalam melakukan testing suatu teknologi baru sebelum diimplementasi

§ Build knowledge based untuk membantu mempercepat penyelesaian suatu incident

2. Service Delivery

     Komponen-komponen dari Service Delivery adalah Financial Management for IT Services, Availability Management, Capacitiy Management, IT Service Continuity Management, Service Level Management. Service Delivery ini merupakan tactical proses artinya untuk mendukung bisnis dari sisi IT Service Management dalam jangka panjang bukan untuk operasional yang dilakukan setiap hari. Contohnya dalam bagian IT Service Continuity Management, misalnya dilakukannya service level agreement (SLA), melakukan Risk Management berfungsi untuk mengetahui dan dapat mengidentifikasi bentuk resiko, menentukan tingkat resiko yang akan terjadi, untuk mengetahui asset mana saja yang mempunyai resiko, dan sebagainya. ITIL memberikan dasar dan konsep IT sebagai bagian dari service ke customer atau user, bagaimana proses yang baik antara satu entity dengan entity lainnya. Implementasi ITSM dengan 3 proses yaitu incident, problem & change management.

ITSM

1. Incident Management

2. Problem Management

3. Change Management

4. Incident, Problem & Change Management

1. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

     Incident Management adalah proses pencatatan, penelusuran, penugasan, dan pengelolaan insiden untuk dikomunikasikan dengan pengguna layanan IT. Pengertian insiden menurut ITIL adalah gangguan terhadap layanan IT atau penurunan kualitas dari layanan IT, contohnya seperti: printer error, tidak bisa login ke aplikasi, kegagalan server, dan hal-hal lain yang mengganggu suatu layanan IT dapat dikategorikan sebagai insiden.

     Incident Management dijalankan dengan suatu prosedur. Dimulai pada saat User melaporkan terjadi insiden/gangguan, kemudian Helpdesk akan mencatat ke dalam log insiden den membuat tiket insiden. Setelah insiden dicatat, Helpdesk akan mengidentifikasi gangguan yang terjadi, jika insiden dapat diselesaikan oleh Helpdesk maka Helpdesk akan memandu langkah-langkah untuk segera melakukan perbaikan/resolusi terhadap insiden tersebut atau Helpdesk langsung mendatangi User yang melaporkan untuk langsung menangani insiden/gangguan tersebut.

     Namun jika gangguan/insiden tidak dapat ditangani maka Helpdesk akan melakukan eskalasi ke Tehnical Support yang kompetensinya lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya Tehnical Support akan mengidentifikasi insiden/gangguan yang terjadi dan melakukan penanganan secepat mungkin. Setelah insiden/gangguan selesai ditangani maka Helpdesk akan menutup tiket laporan dan memutakhirkan status insiden menjadi CLOSED.

2. PROBLEM MANAGEMENT

     Problem Management adalah proses yang bertanggung jawab menangani problem lifecycle. Pengertian Problem menurut ITIL adalah penyebab lebih dari sebuah atau lebih insiden. Jika dikaitkan dengan insiden maka biasanya problem terjadi sesudah insiden, penyebab ini umumnya tidak diketahui ketika tiket problem dibuat, dan proses Problem Management bertanggung jawab terhadap investigasi lebih lanjut. Contoh penanganan problem seperti ini disebut dengan Reactive Problem Management dimana investigasi dilakukan setelah insiden terjadi, sebaliknya penanganan problem juga dapat dilakukan sebelum insiden terjadi dengan cara mencari gejala-gejala yang mungkin dapat menimbulkan insiden, proses ini disebut dengan Proactive Problem Management.

     Contoh problem management adalah pada hari Senin terjadi server error yang menyebabkan aplikasi hang, setelah dicari penyebabnya incident management team tidak menemukan masalah apapun kemudian server direstart dan aplikasi berjalan normal kembali. Selang seminggu terjadi lagi error yang sama, kemudian incident management team merestart server dan aplikasi pun berjalan normal kembali. Pada saat selesai penanganan insiden yang kedua, incident management team melakukan eskalasi masalah ke problem management. Server yang berulang kali direstart menunjukkan bahwa insiden itu telah berubah menjadi problem, masalah tidak benar-benar tuntas pada saat server hanya direstart.

     Pada kejadian di atas maka insiden sudah menjadi problem dan perlu dilakukan investigasi lebih mendalam terhadap error yang terjadi. Metode mencari akar masalah yang menjadi penyebab error di proses problem management dinamakan dengan root cause analysis. Pada saat akar masalah telah ditemukan maka perlu ditentukan perbaikan/resolusi permanen terhadap problem tersebut.

Gambar berikut merupakan contoh cara mencari akar masalah suatu problem yang disebut dengan 5 Why.

     Setelah ditemukan akar masalah pada server, dilakukanlah resolusi permanen berupa penambahan memori untuk mengatasi agar tidak terjadi lagi server error. Akar masalah dan resolusi yang telah dilakukan akan didokumentasikan ke dalam Known Error Database (KEDB) untuk memastikan problem dapat dilihat historinya dan dapat menjadi sumber informasi apabila problem yang sama terjadi lagi di masa mendatang.

3. CHANGE MANAGEMENT

     Change Management adalah proses yang bertanggung jawab mengendalikan siklus dari setiap perubahan (change). Tujuan utama dari change management adalah merealisasikan manfaat perubahan dengan meminimalisasi gangguan terhadap layanan. Change Management dilakukan untuk 2 (dua) alasan, yaitu:

1. Proaktif dengan tujuan mencari benefit yang digunakan untuk mendukung kepentingan bisnis dan/atau peningkatan layanan IT dan/atau peningkatan kemudahan sehingga layanan IT menjadi lebih efektif;

2. Reaktif dengan tujuan untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah atau adaptasi terhadap lingkungan yang berubah.

     Contoh change management yaitu pada saat melakukan perubahan fungsi pada aplikasi bisnis, langkah yang harus dilakukan adalah mengajukan form Request For Change (RFC), setelah diajukan akan dianalisa dampak, risiko, dan alasan pengajuan perubahan serta dibuat rencana apa yang harus dilakukan apabila perubahan gagal. Setelah RFC disetujui maka harus dibuat perencanaan implementasi perubahan sedetail mungkin untuk memastikan RFC dapat berhasil sesuai tujuan awal. Risiko-risiko yang mungkin terjadi pada RFC yang tidak dikelola dengan baik seperti:

· Perubahan yang tidak/belum disetujui

· Tingkat keberhasilan perubahan yang rendah

· Jumlah perubahan darurat yang tinggi

· Pembengkakan biaya dan waktu

· Ketidaksesuaian requirement dengan hasil perubahan

“Tidak ada perubahan yang tidak berisiko, maka siapkan rencana yang matang”

4. HUBUNGAN INCIDENT, PROBLEM & CHANGE MANAGEMENT

     Incident, problem, dan change management adalah proses-proses yang berhubungan dalam pengelolaan ITSM. Insiden yang berulang membuat insiden itu menjadi problem, dan untuk problem yang sudah diketahui akar masalahnya diperlukan change management untuk resolusi/perbaikannya. Sehingga dapat dilihat ketiga proses ini saling terkait dan dapat dengan mudah diterapkan untuk memulai ITSM dalam suatu organisasi IT.

Sumber referensis :
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITSM

[TUGAS B INGGRIS BISNIS 2] CAUSATIVE VERBS

President Rodrigo Duterte is gloating on his ability to strike fear in the hearts of oligarchs whom he accused of controlling the country’s political landscape for decades and dodging payment on billions of pesos in taxes.

“The rich ones there in Manila, the elitist, I made them pay. They got mad because when I became President, they lost everything. I made them pay billions, all of them,” said Duterte in a speech in Cebu.

Duterte’s attacks on the rich have been a recurring theme in his speeches.

In a speech in Qatar last year, Duterte aid : “‘Yung mga mayaman, talagang kalaban ko ‘yan. Sabihin na ninyo na inggit ako sa inyo, totoo ‘yan, putang ina kayo pero magbayad kayo.”

“Kaya inggit ako na galit sa inyo. Bakit ‘di ako maiinggit? Yumayaman kayo nang yumayaman ‘di naman kayo bumabayad ng taxes,” he added.

Among the rich people whose lives were made miserable by Duterte were:

* Former Marcos Trade Minister Roberto V. Ongpin who was forced to selling his controlling stake in an online gaming company

* Marcos crony Lucio Tan whom Duterte accused of owing the government P30 billion in unpaid taxes. Duterte forced Tan to pay out P6 billion in unpaid dues his Philippine Airlines had amassed since the 1990s.

* Rufino-Prieto family was forced to vacate the Mile Long Arcade in Makati which they had occupied since the Marcos years under threat from Duterte. Last January, the Prietos were charged with a P1 billion tax evasion for their Dunkin’ Donuts franchise.

Source : http://politics.com.ph/kulang-kita-sa-security-agency-calida-allowances-bloated-by-800-coa/

[TUGAS B INGGRIS BISNIS 2] PRONOUNS

ELON MUSK'S BIOGRAPHY 

South African entrepreneur Elon Musk is known for founding Tesla Motors and SpaceX, which launched a landmark commercial spacecraft in 2012.

Who Is Elon Musk?

Elon Reeve Musk (born June 28, 1971) is a South African-born American entrepreneur and businessman who founded X.com in 1999 (which later became PayPal), SpaceX in 2002 and Tesla Motors in 2003. Musk became a multimillionaire in his late 20s when he sold his start-up company, Zip2, to a division of Compaq Computers. Musk made headlines in May 2012, when SpaceX launched a rocket that would send the first commercial vehicle to the International Space Station. He bolstered his portfolio with the purchase of SolarCity in 2016, and cemented his standing as a leader of industry by taking on an advisory role in the early days of President Donald Trump's administration.

Elon Musk’s Net Worth

As of December 2017, Elon Musk’s net worth is $20.2 billion, according to Forbes. He earned his first billion with the sale of PayPal in 2002; his company SpaceX is valued at more than $20 billion.

Education

At age 17, in 1989, Elon Musk moved to Canada to attend Queen’s University and avoid mandatory service in the South African military. He left in 1992 to study business and physics at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated with an undergraduate degree in economics and stayed for a second bachelor’s degree in physics.

After leaving Penn, Elon Musk headed to Stanford University in California to pursue a PhD in energy physics. However, his move was timed perfectly with the Internet boom, and he dropped out of Stanford after just two days to become a part of it, launching his first company, Zip2 Corporation. An online city guide, Zip2 was soon providing content for the new websites of both The New York Times and the Chicago Tribune. In 1999, a division of Compaq Computer Corporation bought Zip2 for $307 million in cash and $34 million in stock options.

PayPal

In 1999, Musk co-founded X.com, an online financial services/payments company. An X.com acquisition the following year led to the creation of PayPal as it is known today, and in October 2002, PayPal was acquired by eBay for $1.5 billion in stock. Before the sale, Musk owned 11 percent of PayPal stock.

Founder of SpaceX

Musk founded his third company, Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, or SpaceX, in 2002 with the intention of building spacecraft for commercial space travel. By 2008, SpaceX was well established, and NASA awarded the company the contract to handle cargo transport for the International Space Station—with plans for astronaut transport in the future—in a move to replace NASA’s own space shuttle missions.

Falcon 9 Rockets

On May 22, 2012, Musk and SpaceX made history when the company launched its Falcon 9 rocket into space with an unmanned capsule. The vehicle was sent to the International Space Station with 1,000 pounds of supplies for the astronauts stationed there, marking the first time a private company had sent a spacecraft to the International Space Station. Of the launch, Musk was quoted as saying, "I feel very lucky. ... For us, it's like winning the Super Bowl."

In December 2013, a Falcon 9 successfully carried a satellite to geosynchronous transfer orbit, a distance at which the satellite would lock into an orbital path that matched the Earth's rotation. In February 2015, SpaceX launched another Falcon 9 fitted with the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite, aiming to observe the extreme emissions from the sun that affect power grids and communications systems on Earth.

In March 2017, SpaceX saw the successful test flight and landing of a Falcon 9 rocket made from reusable parts, a development that opened the door for more affordable space travel. A setback came in November 2017, when an explosion occurred during a test of the company's new Block 5 Merlin engine. SpaceX reported that no one was hurt, and that the issue would not hamper its planned rollout of a future generation of Falcon 9 rockets.

The company enjoyed another milestone moment in February 2018 with the successful test launch of the powerful Falcon Heavy rocket. Armed with additional Falcon 9 boosters, the Falcon Heavy was designed to carry immense payloads into orbit and potentially serve as a vessel for deep space missions. For the test launch, the Falcon Heavy was given a payload of Musk's cherry-red Tesla Roadster, equipped with cameras to "provide some epic views" for the vehicle's planned orbit around the sun.

BFR Mission to Mars

In September 2017, Musk presented an updated design plan for his BFR (an acronym for either "Big F---ing Rocket" or "Big Falcon Rocket"), a 31-engine behemoth topped by a spaceship capable of carrying at least 100 people. He revealed that SpaceX was aiming to launch the first cargo missions to Mars with the vehicle in 2022, as part of his overarching goal of colonizing the Red Planet.

In March 2018, the entrepreneur told an audience at the annual South by Southwest festival in Austin, Texas, that he hoped to have the BFR ready for short flights early the following year, while delivering a knowing nod at his previous problems with meeting deadlines.

The following month, it was announced that SpaceX would construct a facility at the Port of Los Angeles to build and house the BFR. The port property presented an ideal location for SpaceX, as its mammoth rocket will only be movable by barge or ship when completed. 

Internet Satellites

In late March 2018, SpaceX received permission from the U.S. government to launch a fleet of satellites into low orbit for the purpose of providing Internet service. Ideally, the system would make broadband service more accessible for people in rural areas, while also boosting competition in heavily populated markets that are typically dominated by one or two providers. Critics countered that such a system would present a safety hazard with the skies above us cluttered by debris.

Founder & CEO of Tesla

Elon Musk is the co-founder, CEO and product architect at Tesla Motors, a company dedicated to producing affordable, mass-market electric cars as well as battery products and solar roofs. Musk oversees all product development, engineering and design of the company's products. 

Five years after its formation, in 2008, the company unveiled the Roadster, a sports car capable of accelerating from 0 to 60 mph in 3.7 seconds, as well traveling nearly 250 miles between charges of its lithium ion battery. With a stake in the company taken by Daimler and a strategic partnership with Toyota, Tesla Motors launched its initial public offering in June 2010, raising $226 million.

Additional successes include the Model S, the company's first electric sedan. Capable of covering 265 miles between charges, the Model S was honored as the 2013 Car of the Year by Motor Trend magazine.

In April 2017, Tesla announced that it surpassed General Motors to become the most valuable U.S. car maker. The news was an obvious boon to Tesla, which was looking to ramp up production and release its Model 3 sedan later that year.

In November 2017, Musk made another splash with the unveiling of the new Tesla Semi and Roadster at the company's design studio. The semi truck, which enters into production in 2019, boasts 500 miles of range as well as a battery and motors built to last 1 million miles. The Roadster, set to follow in 2020, will become the fastest production car ever made with its 0 to 60 time of 1.9 seconds.

After initially aiming to produce 5,000 new Model 3 cars per week by December 2017, Musk pushed that goal back to March 2018, and then to June with the start of the new year. The announced delay didn't surprise industry experts, who were well aware of the company's production problems, though some questioned how long investors would remain patient with the process.

By April 2018, with Tesla expected to fall short of first-quarter production forecasts, news surfaced that Musk had pushed aside the head of engineering to personally oversee efforts in that division. In a Twitter exchange with a reporter, Musk said it was important to "divide and conquer" to meet production goals and was "back to sleeping at factory."

That year, Tesla announced a radical new compensation package for its CEO, in which Musk would be paid only if he reached milestones of growing  valuation based on $50 billion increments. At the top end of that chart, if Tesla reached a company value of $650 billion, then Musk stood to benefit from a stock award worth as much as $55 billion. In March, two of Tesla's largest shareholders indicated they would support the compensation package, valued at $2.6 billion, as a show of confidence in the company's CEO. 

SolarCity Acquisition

In August 2016, in Musk’s continuing effort to promote and advance sustainable energy and products for a wider consumer base, a $2.6 billion dollar deal was solidified to combine his electric car and solar energy companies. His Tesla Motors Inc. announced an all-stock deal purchase of SolarCity Corp., a company Musk had helped his cousins start in 2006. He is a majority shareholder in each entity.

“Solar and storage are at their best when they're combined. As one company, Tesla (storage) and SolarCity (solar) can create fully integrated residential, commercial and grid-scale products that improve the way that energy is generated, stored and consumed,” read a statement on Tesla’s website about the deal.

Elon Musk’s Wives

Elon Musk has been married twice. He wed Justine Wilson in 2000. After a contentious divorce, Musk met actress Talulah Riley, and the couple married in 2010. They split in 2012 but married each other again in 2013. Their relationship ultimately ended in divorce in 2016. Musk has also been involved in an on-again, off-again relationship with actress Amber Heard.

Kids

Elon Musk has five sons with ex-wife Justine Wilson. In 2002, his first son with died at 10 weeks old from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Musk and Wilson had five additional sons together: twins and triplets.

Birthday & Nationality

Elon Musk was born on June 28, 1971, in Pretoria, South Africa. He obtained his Canadian citizenship in 1989, in part because he felt it would be easier to obtain American citizenship via that path. In 2002, he achieved his goal of becoming a U.S. citizen.

Family and Early Life

Son of a Canadian mother and a South African father, Elon Musk spent his early childhood with his brother Kimbal and sister Tosca in South Africa. At 10, around the time his parents divorced, the introverted Elon developed an interest in computers. He taught himself how to program, and when he was 12 he made his first software sale of a game he created called Blastar.

Other Inventions & Innovations

Outside of his roles at SpaceX and Tesla, Musk has continually attempted to make his innovative ideas a reality.

Hyperloop

In August 2013, Elon Musk released a concept for a new form of transportation called the "Hyperloop," an invention that would foster commuting between major cities while severely cutting travel time. Ideally resistant to weather and powered by renewable energy, the Hyperloop would propel riders in pods through a network of low-pressure tubes at speeds reaching more than 700 mph. Musk noted that the Hyperloop could take from seven to 10 years to be built and ready for use.

Although he introduced the Hyperloop with claims that it would be safer than a plane or train, with an estimated cost of $6 billion — approximately one-tenth of the cost for the rail system planned by the state of California — Musk's concept has drawn skepticism. Nevertheless, the entrepreneur has sought to encourage the development of this idea. After he announced a competition for teams to submit their designs for a Hyperloop pod prototype, the first Hyperloop Pod Competition was held at the SpaceX facility in January 2017.

AI

Elon Musk has pursued an interest in Artificial Intelligence, becoming co-chair of the nonprofit OpenAI. The research company launched in late 2015 with the stated mission of advancing digital intelligence to benefit humanity. In 2017, it was also revealed that Musk was backing a venture called Neuralink, which intends to create devices to be implanted in the human brain and help people merge with software.

Boring Company

In yet another innovation, in January 2017 Elon Musk suddenly decided he was going find a way to reduce traffic by devoting resources to boring and building tunnels. He launched his venture, named "The Boring Company," with a test dig on the SpaceX property in Los Angeles. In late October, Musk posted the first photo of his company's progress to his Instagram page. He said the 500-foot tunnel, which would generally run parallel to Interstate 405, would reach a length of two miles in approximately four months.

The entrepreneur also reportedly found a market for the Boring Company's flamethrowers; after announcing they were going on sale for $500 apiece in late January 2018, he claimed to have sold 10,000 of them within a day.

High-Speed Train

In late November 2017, after Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel asked for proposals to build and operate a high-speed rail line that would transport passengers from O'Hare Airport to downtown Chicago in 20 minutes or less, Musk tweeted that he was all-in on the competition with his Boring Company. He said that the concept of the Chicago loop would be different from his Hyperloop, its relatively short route not requiring the need for drawing a vacuum to eliminate air friction.

Trump Adviser

With Donald Trump announcing plans to pursue massive infrastructure developments after his successful election to the U.S. presidency in 2016, Musk found himself on common ground with the new president and his advisers. That December, he was named to President Trump’s Strategy and Policy Forum, and the following January he joined Trump's Manufacturing Jobs Initiative.

While sometimes at odds with the president's controversial measures, such as a proposed ban on immigrants from Muslim-majority countries, Musk defended his involvement with the new administration. "My goals," he tweeted in early 2017, "are to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy and to help make humanity a multi-planet civilization, a consequence of which will be the creating of hundreds of thousands of jobs and a more inspiring future for all." On June 1, following Trump's announcement that he was withdrawing the U.S. from the Paris climate accord, Musk stepped down from his advisory roles.

Elon Musk’s Nonprofit

The boundless potential of space exploration and the preservation of the future of the human race have become the cornerstones of Musk's abiding interests, and toward these he has founded the Musk Foundation, which is dedicated to space exploration and the discovery of renewable and clean energy sources. 

Source : https://www.biography.com/people/elon-musk-20837159

Words found :

• His = 35 times.
• Its = 10 times.
• Himself = 2 times.
• Their = 3 times.

[TUGAS B INGGRIS BISNIS 2] Passive Word

Why Meeting With Zuckerberg Won't Fix The Facebook Problem

(CNN) Debate about Facebook -- rather like debate on Facebook -- all too often descends into a furious shouting match of half-truths, conspiracy theories and competing agendas, from which it becomes all but impossible to discern what's true and what matters.

So it is with the furor that has brought Mark Zuckerberg, finally, to testify before Congress amid a series of questions about Facebook, data handling and privacy.His appearances come alongside allegations that data harvested from Facebook may have been instrumental in securing the election of Donald Trump and the decision by the UK to leave the European Union.

Facebook is long overdue proper scrutiny. It holds masses of information on 2 billion people -- far larger than the population of any country -- and close to one in three people on the planet. It has grown to this size in under two decades, and has consequently had almost no time to reflect on how its business works.

Facebook has been disingenuous in many of its defenses and its apologies. The company was aware in 2014 that numerous third-party apps using its toolkits were harvesting information on the Facebook friends of people who used them -- as was the case in the Cambridge Analytica controversy.

It knew, because this was a built-in feature to its toolkit, which was discontinued for all apps in 2015. Facebook knew that Cambridge Analytica had obtained millions of records in 2015, because it was contacted and informed of the fact by the Guardian newspaper.

When the story didn't blow up at the time, it took minimal action -- asking the company to delete the data, but little more. Even in its more recent statements, Facebook shows chutzpah. One of the "abuses" it has highlighted to its users is the ability that companies and individuals had to find people's Facebook accounts by searching for their email or phone number -- which it says has been done at least once for virtually all of the 2 billion people using the site.

This feature, Facebook says, has since been disabled: but savvy users who understand Facebook's business model might wonder whether this is really about protecting users' privacy, or a bid to secure Facebook's bottom line.

One of the social network's best offerings to advertisers is the ability to plug in their own customer databases -- emails or phone numbers -- in order to target those individuals, or people like them, on Facebook. Say you have a database of people who've previously bought your product.

This feature allows you to target them with an advert on Facebook, offering a discount to buy again. Facebook can also recommend keywords to find more people who look like your customers, helping you find new potential buyers. It's a powerful product. By making it harder for others to connect Facebook profiles to emails and phone numbers, Facebook has protected the value of a service that it offers -- unless (and it certainly hasn't announced this) it intends to revoke that product entirely.

We have been hearing soothing noises with minimal detail and virtually no changes from Zuckerberg and Facebook for more than a decade now. But now, Facebook needs to go far further than it previously has if it wants to be taken at face value: otherwise, we should rightly expect it is trying to protect and defend its existing and highly lucrative business model.

We need to have a much better-informed debate about how our data -- the bits and pieces of information that make up virtually every detail of our daily lives, and our personalities -- is being bought, packaged, and sold.

But we do also need to place the claims of some of Facebook's critics in their proper context. According to Facebook, Cambridge Analytica obtained the personal details of around 87 million people -- including one million Brits.

The database had previously been referred to as having around 50 million people in it. It's possible that the database grew since whistleblowers last saw it -- though it was impossible to add to it after early 2015. It's also possible that just 50 million of the 87 million harvested were US-based, and that the others were discarded.

This is a question that can be answered as more people come in front of lawmakers, but one that's important to answer. Why? This one database (and its million UK citizens) has been seized on as a possible reason to re-run the UK's Brexit referendum.

However, this data was collected for the purposes of helping US campaigns, focused on US users. To suggest this database, which accidentally collected the details of one million UK users, could have been instrumental in a referendum won by a margin of around 1.3 million votes is a huge claim and one needing solid evidence that no one has come close to providing.

Facebook has found itself at the center of numerous debates -- each of which is immensely complex and controversial. How much of our data do we think is acceptable to trade for free social networking? How much influence did Russian propaganda have on Western elections? Was improperly harvested data critical to the election of Donald Trump -- or the UK's vote for Brexit? Should there be limits on what can be advertised on Facebook -- and who should set them?

Facebook has a clear agenda when it provides answers to many of these questions. So do many campaigners bitterly opposed to the outcome of recent elections. Unpicking the truth from the hype and working out how to deal with the new challenges we find ourselves facing is a herculean task. It will take far more than Zuckerberg appearing before Congress to get there.

Source : https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/10/opinions/zuckerberg-congress-facebook-opinion-james-ball-intl/index.html?sr=fbCNN041018zuckerberg-congress-facebook-opinion-james-ball-intl0224PMVODtop

Passive words found :

1.     Which was discontinued for all apps in 2015.

2.     It was contacted and informed of the fact by the Guardian newspaper.

3.     It has highlighted to its users

4.     Has since been disabled

5.     If it wants to be taken at face value

6.     Is being bought, packaged, and sold.

7.     Had previously been referred to

8.     And that the others were discarded.

9.     Can be answered

10.  Has been seized

11.  This data was collected for the purposes

12.  In a referendum won by a margin of around 1.3 million votes

13.  Can be advertised on Facebook
14.  It says has been done at least once 

[TUGAS - B INGGRIS BISNIS 2] Tenses

Group Member :
- Aditya Bhaskara F
- Algie Imam
- Aryanti Humala L
- Chandra Aditya
- Joy Arga P
- Thomas Freido


A : I was thinking that Manchester United would win the league. (Past cont.)
B : Yeah, me too. But, unfortunately they have lost so many times to small clubs. (Past perfect)
A : They used to be the biggest football club in the world back then when Sir Alex was managing them. (Simple Past tense, Past cont.)
A : Indeed, they have won so many trophies. (Past perfect)
B : And now, I am thinking  the current manager could do the same. Because they won 3 trophies last season. (Present cont, Simple Past tense)
A : I wish nothing but the best for them for the rest of the tournament. (Simple present)